Good Parenting Skills: 7 Research-Backed Ways to Raise Kids Right
.
I’ve posted about the research behind happy families and solid marriages, but what does science say about good parenting skills?
Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman do an excellent job of rounding up the latest research in their book, NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children.
Here are my highlights:
1) Praise Kids For Effort, Not Smarts
Praise kids for something they can easily control — the amount of effort they put in.
This teaches them to persist and that improvement is possible.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
“Emphasizing effort gives a child a variable that they can control,” she explains. “They come to see themselves as in control of their success. Emphasizing natural intelligence takes it out of the child’s control, and it provides no good recipe for responding to a failure.” In follow-up interviews, Dweck discovered that those who think that innate intelligence is the key to success begin to discount the importance of effort.
But praising too often can be a problem.
If a child’s persistence is based only on rewards like praise; when the praise stops, the effort stops.
Best thing to do? Be like a slot machine. Praise intermittently.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
“The key is intermittent reinforcement,” says Cloninger. The brain has to learn that frustrating spells can be worked through. “A person who grows up getting too frequent rewards will not have persistence, because they’ll quit when the rewards disappear.”
2) Make Sure They Get Their Sleep
Losing an hour of sleep reduces your sixth-grader’s intelligence to that of a fourth-grader.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
The effect was indeed measurable—and sizeable. The performance gap caused by an hour’s difference in sleep was bigger than the gap between a normal fourth-grader and a normal sixth-grader. Which is another way of saying that a slightly-sleepy sixth-grader will perform in class like a mere fourth-grader. “A loss of one hour of sleep is equivalent to [the loss of] two years of cognitive maturation and development,” Sadeh explained.
If continued long enough, sleep issues can cause permanent problems. Teens surliness may actually be due to chronic sleep deprivation.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
A few scientists theorize that sleep problems during formative years can cause permanent changes in a child’s brain structure—damage that one can’t sleep off like a hangover. It’s even possible that many of the hallmark characteristics of being a tweener and teen—moodiness, depression, and even binge eating—are actually just symptoms of chronic sleep deprivation.
And staying up late on the weekends is problematic too. Weekend shift causes a drop of 7 IQ points — the equivalent of lead exposure.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
Every hour of weekend shift costs a child seven points on the test. Dr. Paul Suratt at the University of Virginia studied the impact of sleep problems on vocabulary test scores taken by elementary school students. He also found a seven-point reduction in scores. Seven points, Suratt notes, is significant: “Sleep disorders can impair children’s IQ as much as lead exposure.”
A study of over 3000 high school students showed a clear correlation between sleep and grades.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
Teens who received A’s averaged about fifteen more minutes sleep than the B students, who in turn averaged fifteen more minutes than the C’s, and so on. Wahlstrom’s data was an almost perfect replication of results from an earlier study of over 3,000 Rhode Island high schoolers by Brown’s Carskadon.
(More on good sleep here.)
3) How To Raise Honest Kids
No, you don’t know when your kid is lying. That’s your parental ego.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
Talwar has run hundreds of people through this test, and on the whole, their results are no better than chance. People simply cannot tell when kids are lying.
Kids want to please you. Tell them that the truth makes you happy — not just the right answer — and you’re more likely to get the truth.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
What really works is to tell the child, “I will not be upset with you if you peeked, and if you tell the truth, I will be really happy.” This is an offer of both immunity and a clear route back to good standing. Talwar explained this latest finding: “Young kids are lying to make you happy—trying to please you.” So telling kids that the truth will make a parent happy challenges the kid’s original thought that hearing good news—not the truth—is what will please the parent.
What’s a quick trick for getting your kid to be honest?
Say: “I’m about to ask you a question. But before I do that, will you promise to tell the truth?”
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
In Talwar’s peeking game, sometimes the researcher pauses the game with, “I’m about to ask you a question. But before I do that, will you promise to tell the truth?” (Yes, the child answers.) “Okay, did you peek at the toy when I was out of the room?” This promise cuts down lying by 25%.
4) Kids Need Rules
It’s a myth that being too strict causes rebellion and being permissive equals better behavior.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
Pushing a teen into rebellion by having too many rules was a sort of statistical myth. “That actually doesn’t happen,” remarked Darling… “Kids who go wild and get in trouble mostly have parents who don’t set rules or standards. Their parents are loving and accepting no matter what the kids do. But the kids take the lack of rules as a sign their parents don’t actually care—that their parent doesn’t really want this job of being the parent.”
Parents who set ground rules and consistently enforce them were also the parents who were the warmest.
And their children lied less than most kids.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
“Ironically, the type of parents who are actually most consistent in enforcing rules are the same parents who are most warm and have the most conversations with their kids,” Darling observed. They’ve set a few rules over certain key spheres of influence, and they’ve explained why the rules are there. They expect the child to obey them. Over life’s other spheres, they supported the child’s autonomy, allowing her freedom to make her own decisions. The kids of these parents lied the least. Rather than hiding twelve areas from their parents, they might be hiding as few as five.
That doesn’t mean you should be a Tiger Mom.
Parents that are too controlling = kids that are bored. And bored kids are the ones who drink and do drugs
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
Even the really busy kids could be bored, for two reasons. First, they were doing a lot of activities only because their parent signed them up—there was no intrinsic motivation. Second, they were so accustomed to their parents filling their free time that they didn’t know how to fill it on their own. “The more controlling the parent,” Caldwell explained, “the more likely a child is to experience boredom.” …The Mod Squad study did confirm Linda Caldwell’s hypothesis that teens turn to drinking and drugs because they’re bored in their free time.
5) Arguing With Teens Is Normal — And Healthy
Moderate conflict with teens produces better adjustment than none.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
University of Rochester’s Dr. Judith Smetana, a leader in the study of teen disclosure, confirms that, over the long term, “moderate conflict with parents [during adolescence] is associated with better adjustment than either no-conflict or frequent conflict.”
More than 3/4 of daughters felt arguments with their mother strengthened the relationship.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
But only 23% of the daughters felt that their arguments were destructive. Far more believed that fighting strengthened their relationship with their mother. “Their perception of the fighting was really sophisticated, far more than we anticipated for teenagers,” noted Holmes. “They saw fighting as a way to see their parents in a new way, as a result of hearing their mother’s point of view be articulated.”
6) Fighting In Front Of The Kids Can Be Good
Fighting with your spouse in front of the kids can be a good thing — if the children see the argument resolved in front of them.
Fighting and sending the kids away before it’s resolved — that’s what causes problems.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
In one study, a third of the children reacted aggressively after witnessing the staged conflict—they shouted, got angry, or punched a pillow. But in that same study, something else happened, which eliminated the aggressive reaction in all but 4% of the children. What was this magical thing? Letting the child witness not just the argument, but the resolution of the argument. When the videotape was stopped mid-argument, it had a very negative effect. But if the child was allowed to see the contention get worked out, it calmed him. “We varied the intensity of the arguments, and that didn’t matter,” recalled Cummings. “The arguments can become pretty intense, and yet if it’s resolved, kids are okay with it.” Most kids were just as happy at the conclusion of the session as they were when witnessing a friendly interaction between parents…
…being exposed to constructive marital conflict can actually be good for children—if it doesn’t escalate, insults are avoided, and the dispute is resolved with affection. This improves their sense of security, over time, and increases their prosocial behavior at school as rated by teachers. Cummings noted, “Resolution has to be sincere, not manipulated for their benefit—or they’ll see through it.” Kids learn a lesson in conflict resolution: the argument gives them an example of how to compromise and reconcile—a lesson lost for the child spared witnessing an argument.
7) A Gratitude Journal Works Magic
I’ve posted before about the incredible benefits of keeping a gratitude journal. It works for kids too.
Students who kept a gratitude journal were happier, more optimistic, and healthier.
Via NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children:
In one celebrated example, Dr. Robert Emmons, of the University of California at Davis, asked college students to keep a gratitude journal—over ten weeks, the undergrads listed five things that had happened in the last week which they were thankful for. The results were surprisingly powerful—the students who kept the gratitude journal were 25% happier, were more optimistic about the future, and got sick less often during the controlled trial. They even got more exercise.
What Next?
Here are three other research-backed posts that can help build a great family:
- How To Have A Happy Family – 7 Tips Backed By Research
- Recipe For A Happy Marriage: The 7 Scientific Secrets
- Parent myths: How much of what your parents told you was wrong?
For more helpful tips, join 45K+ other readers and get my free weekly update via email here.
